What are chilblains?

Chilblains (also known as pernio) are small, painful, itchy patches on your skin that may appear when you have been out in the cold or damp for a long time. The patches may feel as though they are burning which worsens when you enter a warm room. They are often seen on the feet, especially on the toes, presenting as red or purple patches. Chilblains can also occur on the fingers, ears or other extremities. They may also be seen on parts of feet that are exposed to pressure such as bunions. Poor circulation contributes to this and so the elderly and/or those living a sedentary lifestyle are more susceptible to them.

Treatment of chilblains focuses on easing symptoms and preventing future occurrences. Here’s a guide to managing chilblains:

Immediate Care

• Rewarm Gradually: Avoid direct heat like hot water or heaters, which can worsen chilblains. Instead, warm the affected areas gently by:
  • Soaking them in lukewarm water.
  • Wrapping them in a soft blanket.
• Avoid Scratching: Itching can be intense, but scratching may break the skin and increase the risk of infection.

Symptom Relief

• Moisturisers: Use unscented lotions or creams to hydrate and soothe the skin.
• Topical Corticosteroids: Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream may help reduce itching and swelling. Consult a doctor if stronger creams are needed.
• Pain Relief: Use over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen if needed.
• Snow Fire ointment

Treat Infections

• Antiseptics: Apply an antiseptic cream if the skin is broken to prevent infection.
• Consult a Doctor: If signs of infection (e.g., pus, redness spreading, or fever) develop, seek medical attention for possible antibiotics. Extra caution should be taken if you have diabetes and have chilblains.

Preventative Measures

• Keep Warm:
  • Wear warm, layered clothing.
  • Use gloves, thick socks, and insulated footwear in cold weather.
• Avoid Rapid Temperature Changes: Protect skin from sudden exposure to heat or cold.
• Stay Dry: Keep hands and feet dry. Damp conditions exacerbate chilblains.
• Exercise Regularly: Improves circulation and helps prevent recurrence.

When to See a Doctor

• Symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks.
• Recurrent or severe chilblains.
• Ulcers or sores develop.
• If you have underlying health conditions, such as Raynaud’s phenomenon, consult your doctor for tailored advice.

By taking these steps, most cases of chilblains resolve on their own within a few weeks.